If you write about complicated topics, start listening to nonfiction podcasts—popular ones about science, the economy, or current events. The best podcasters know how to keep an audience’s attention while explaining abstract concepts.

Since the pandemic started, months, I’ve become a loyal, consistent listener of NPR’s Planet Money podcast. Why? Because it does an excellent job of explaining complicated topics in a fun and engaging way.

Recent episodes have covered topics such as:

• What the Federal Reserve is doing (and why it’s a huge deal)
• How those small business loans are getting through (and the people working nonstop to make them happen)
• What it means when the price of oil becomes a negative number

Complicated, abstract topics come alive in a short audio format.

On May 15, the Planet Money team shared their methods in their 1,000th episode. If you write nonfiction, you can learn a lot from this episode.

The Structure of a Planet Money Episode

Over a thousand episodes, we have developed a kind of formula for what makes a PLANET MONEY episode a PLANET MONEY episode. And we thought—you know what?—for the 1,000th episode, why don’t we just share that formula with you today?

Kenny Malone, Planet Money

The Top

The start of the podcast grabs your attention with a quick story or scenario.

The episodes often begin with the voice of a colorful or important character talking about the subject. It’s all about intriguing the listener, inciting curiosity about the content to follow.

The Shoulders

Having captured your interest, the Planet Money team then lays the groundwork for what follows in a part they call the shoulder. Often, they deliver a brief history lesson to set a context. (Apparently, they harken back to the Great Depression quite often.)

They also introduce a key character at this point. For example, they might call on someone who is processing Paycheck Protection loans or someone who regularly trades crude oil futures. The story now has a human voice and dimension.

The Body

In the body of the episode, the explanation and exploration begins. As Sarah Gonzalez says in this episode:

This is where we earn our paychecks. This is where we have to get creative to explain things like dramatic shifts in year-over-year parcel-specific housing prices.

Sarah Gonzalez, Planet Money

You might notice one technique right there: adding a concrete example (housing price shifts) to an abstract category (things they have to explain). Concrete details make abstract concepts come alive.

As podcasters, they cannot show you graphics or charts. They rely on your sense of hearing alone. But they find creative ways to invoke other senses.

• Setting the scene by describing a location
• Dropping a pile of paper to give you an idea of its heft
• Having someone taste something (like crude oil) and recording their reactions
• Recording themselves walking somewhere to give you a sense of movement

Once they hired an opera singer to “sing” a chart. I must find that episode!

The Wrap

Each episode concludes with some kind of reflection, often circling back to the voice from the top of the show.

What to Apply in Your Writing

The Planet Money podcast structure works well for a blog post. Start with a hook, lay the groundwork, then do the heavy lifting. Remember that your audience may be distracted: don’t go on for too long.

Beyond the structure, pay attention to how the podcasters talk about their subjects. The methods that work for listeners also apply to readers.

• Activate the audience’s curiosity before you head off into explaining things.
• Stories or scenarios serve both to hook people’s interest and to put a global concept into a human scale.
• Bring in other voices beyond your own so your readers benefit from varied perspectives.
• Even though you’re dealing in words, include the other senses. Sensory metaphors ground abstract topics in the real world and make everything more interesting and vivid.
• Be human, not “expert.” The hosts and reporters are skilled journalists, but never seem condescending or distant. They show up as people who are eager to share the stories that fascinate them.

Each of these strategies earns a chapter in Writing to Be Understood: What Works and Why—the book I wrote about effective nonfiction writing. It’s cool to find that the strategies translate from the written word to audio.

(Use the form below to get a summary of all of the strategies from Writing to Be Understood.)

If you’re interested in writing podcast scripts, check out Jay Acunzo’s post Writing for Audio, Not Articles.

Listen to the entire 1000th episode of Planet Money.